Islamic theology

Opinion of Muslim theologians

Opinion of medical experts

Conclusion

1

It is the soul that perceives rationality.

Sensation and consciousness are functions of the brain. 

The soul perceives rational thought through the assistance of the brain.

2

It is the soul which has control over all voluntary movements in the body.

It is the brain that arbitrates all voluntary movements in the body.

It is the soul which arbitrates all voluntary movements in the body through the assistance of the brain.

3

The sign that the soul is associated with the body is sensation and voluntary movement.

The sign that the brain is intact and healthy is the capacity to feel and move voluntarily.

The sign that soul is attached to the body is the functioning of the brain.

4

The sign that the soul has left the body is the permanent loss of sensation and voluntary movement.

Signs of brain-death is the irreversible loss of sensation and voluntary movement.

The sign that the soul has left the body is irreversible brain-death.

5

Involuntary movement is not an indication that the soul is attached to the body.

Involuntary movement is not an indication of the health of the brain, entirely or partially.

Involuntary movement is not an indication of human life or death.

6

The soul is not associated with the body until four months of the gestation period.

It is possible to destroy limbs at this stage whilst preserving/keeping alive the many cells that make up these limbs.

The life in cells is not an indication of life animated through the soul. They are not mutually exclusive.